Employee Absence Essay -- Business, Absenteeism

Many organizations face employee absence issues daily. The level of absence varies among each working industry. Strategies to discredit absenteeism rate differs between each organization. My retail company currently has an attendance policy in place, but absenteeism continues to be a problem. To find the solution to scale down absenteeism, I would have to understand the common causes of absenteeism, and then find different solutions to fix the problem. Proper communication and documentation of employee absences allow improve absenteeism, employee productivity, and customer service.absence seizure management hit by substandard record-keeping. Occupational Health 61.8 (2009) 4. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Mar. 2011.This article emphasizes that poor record-keeping by line managers was an issue. The article identifies a few difficulties that line managers faced in the healthcare industry. They were not willing to or not able to control employee absence in compliance with t he policies and guidelines of the organization. Absences were describe late, not reported, or reported inconsistently. Most employers asked the employees to inform of their absence within the first day, but over a quarter of the employers did not have a procedure for employees to follow. The line managers were responsible for any absence notifications. Eighty five percent of employers documented absences on return-to-work interviews, til now only half of the employers required their employees to lease out a return-to-work form. The above article correlates to my thesis because it shows that line managers lack the proper procedure in documenting employee absences. Managers have the responsibility to correct the problem yet they are inconsistently following comp... ...nication and documentation of employee absences will improve absenteeism, employee productivity, and customer service. Improving communication between employees and managers is an important practice that improves emp loyee attendance. Managers can decrease absenteeism by make enforcing clear attendance policies and have proper documentation of employee absences. Managers must keep accurate and consistent record keeping of absences. Employees must report absences right off so managers can properly document in the records. Readings from the sources also indicate that absenteeism not only affects productivity and customer service, but absenteeism also affects employee morale. Employee morale will diminish if managers ignore the abuse of absenteeism among employees. Both absenteeism and employee morale can have a negative effect on productivity and customers service.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating School Education Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet Premarital sexual activity and drug and alcohol ingestion are high in the list of problems in schools and universities today. Equally as severe is plagiarism, the act of taking credit for an some otherwise person words or ideas. Plagiarism is a major problem in educational institutions. There are reasons for this action, the easy way out of writing assignments and projects. However, thither are overly ways to remedy the situation. Thus, plagiarism is a problem, but it is possible through education to substantially lower its use.Students rationalize entirely too much when it comes to essays and other assignments. Whether it is poor time management or lack of incentive, plagiarism is always wrong. Not only is taking another persons thoughts not moral, but it is punishable by law. It is a serious offense. Pupils plagiarize because it is virtually effortless. With the Internet both available everywhere and used as a daily necessity, there is a p lethora of information at ones fingertips. Also, students find that plagiarism is not addressed as a serious problem because it is much undetected, much less punished. These reasons encompass the motives behind plagiarism.The situation isnt entirely hopeless, however. Education is the key to decreasing the thirty-six percent of college students who confess to plagiarizing papers and other such materials (Paradigms 1). One way to educate is to inform students of the Copyright Act and of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The former states that fair uses are not an violation of right of first publication (Loren 4). A fair use refers to uses such as reports, essays, and research in which a source is properly cited. The Digital Millenium Copyright Act provides for copyright owners who believe that their material on the Internet is breaching their rights (Loren 4). Both of these laws have severe consequences. If educators familiarized their students with these, then plagiar ism would decrease inversely with the understanding of the severity of the act. Teachers essential make this effort, just as students must make their own effort to do their own work. Also, teachers ought to enforce discipline when it comes to a violation like plagiarism and create an association between plagiarism and punishment, not plagiarism and indifference. This is how plagiarism should be dealt with in the classroom.An omnipresent situation in schools today is plagiarism.

Gambling On Indian Reservations: The Hope For A Nation Essay -- Argume

Gambling On Indian Reservations The Hope For A acres   About thirty miles off the high focus and down a dirt road, youll see the silhouette of a woman inside her house. She is exhausted, staring as the pass around from the dirt floor mixes with the sunlight flowing through the holes the w every last(predicate)s. She looks around and knows her life is in shambles. Her house is nothing more than rotting boards and rusted metal roofing. She has no electricity or indoor plumbing. Her only furniture is a moth-eaten couch and two old mattresses sprawled across the floor. Every day she must go to the river four miles from her house. Here she gets her drinking water and does the laundry. The neighbor children will follow her and play games. They are wearing nothing but tattered oversized vestments and holey shoes. She wishes she could do something to help her tribe, but they have no money. Most of her people are out of work. Its hard to find work near the reservation, for the let do wn is barren and unworkable. To find work they must travel to the next town which is more than forty miles away, and without any means of transportation they have no way to get there. Theyre trapped, destined to live forever in poverty. They have no hope.   This womans hopelessness isnt unlike what many Native American tribes encounter today. The 1990 U.S. Census showed that 30.9% of all Indians live in poverty. To this day, their unemployment rate is of... ...g electricity and indoor plumbing for the first time. They are able to build schools, hospitals, and roads. Welfare cost . . . has dropped 26% over tercet years (American, online). This huge drop in welfare is saving the states taxpayers $470,000 (American, online). This nation that was once costing the government thousands is now producing nearly $18 million dollars in state income taxes (American, online).   Overall, casinos are helping. Theyre helping the government by cutting welfare and producing income tax, hel ping the Indian people break out of poverty and hardship, and helping the adjoin community to prosper and create jobs. The Indian community now has hope, and that hope is gambling.

Surgery :: essays research papers

SurgeryMy stomach and throat seemed to be playing ping pong with my heart as I entered the hospitals waiting room. All week I had been playing it cool telling everyone that the surgery was not that big of a deal, and that I was enthused about every last(predicate) the attention I would be receiving. But today reality had hit me. I had never been through anything like this before.The waiting room was sparsely change with families waiting for their loved ones. I tried to look at the various magazines, but nothing helped relieve the tight feeling in my stomach. Finally later on what seemed like an eternity the nurse called my name. I slowly got up, and headed through the door with my family. I was thankful that they were there. Their presence made me feel more at ease. I was asked to change into the attractive dress without a back, and then I was handed some funny looking socks. I looked like an eighty year onetime(a) lady in a fifteen year-olds body with my new outfit. Another nu rse entered the room to take my vitals, and give me an IV, the needle that she pulled out of the charge plate looked huge. I had had shots before, but an IV was a completely different deal. After the IV was secured, I was afraid to move my arm, in case the IV cruel out, because I was not having the nurse stick me again. With my vitals recorded, and my first shot administered to relax me, I was feeling slightly better about the procedure. Just when I was convincing myself that this would not be so bad, a nurse with a sour disposition came to wheel me away. Then it hit me, my family could not follow me to this adjacent part, I was on my own. I had hardly noticed their presence for the last half hour, but now I was suddenly aware of their pending absence. As they wheeled me down the hall away from my mom, dad and sister, I had the urge to jump out of the Gurney, and race back to them.

Guatemala and Spanish Cultures Essay -- essays research papers

Guatemala has more people than any other Central Ameri potty demesne, with an estimated population of 11,980,000 it is home to many different cultures. The population can be divided into two groups Indians and people of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry. But in Guatemala, being called an Indian or a non-Indian does not cypher entirely on a persons ancestry. It is basically a matter of how people live and of how they categorize themselves. For example, a Guatemalan is considered an Indian if he or she speaks an Indian language, wears Indian clothing, and lives in a community where the people follow the Indian ways of life. The Indians think of themselves more as part of their community than of their country. They pay curt attention to affairs outside the community. Indians make up about 45 percent of the population of Guatemala. Most of them are extremely poor and uneducated. Spanish is the authorized languages spoken in Guatemala, but there are 20 other Indian languages that are spoken as well. Guatemalas fifth constitution was adopted in 1956. The army seized the government again in 1963, and a sixth constitution went into effect in 1966. Elections were held that year, and civilian government was restored under President Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro. But the country remained troubled. Secret political extremist groups both rightist and leftist made terror raids. Guatemalan political leaders, the U.S. ambassador, and others were killed during the raids.The movie El Norte tells the story of how two siblings (Enrique and rosita) retrogress all of their family to military raids in Mexico. When seems to be next to impossible to survive in Mexico, the two decide to flee to the North (America) which they feel ca be there stepping stone to opportunities and freedom. After a difficult journey the finally arrive in America. As illegal immigrants they had to find immediate work and the had to decide to adjust to American cultures, for instance Rosita did not know how to use a washer and dryer so she did it as if she were still in Mexico. maculation both of them worked hours of hard labor daily, Enrique is offered a job in Chicago that could guarantee him the right to a green card, but in order to contract the job he would have to leave Rosita behind. Meanwhile, Rosita becomes very ill from being exposed to rats during their journey to America. At the last minute Enr... ... and add a green card instead of sticking with her. When they got to the United States they were exposed to American cultures that were not like there own. Enrique was introduced to a characteristic of the American baseball club when Macte tried to tell Enrique to leave his sister behind and leap toward the future and leave the past behind him, which is a mentality that most Americans have (Paz 65). As mentioned earlier when Rosita was working she did not know how to use the washer and dryer which seems to be a aboveboard task for Americans but it was unfamiliar to R osita and she ended up laying the clothes outside. Many North American cultures are taken for granted until we see someone who is not used to simple things such as washing clothes with a machine. Earlier in the movie we saw Rosita washing clothes by hand it was more or less as if the movie repeated itself but just showed the same task in a different environment which really stressed the difference in cultures.Work CitedConnor, Walker., Heath Shirley B., and Paz Octavio. Who Are the Mexican-Americans? A note on Comparability. Washington D.C. The Urban Press, 1985Guatemala Encyclopedia Britanica. Vol 5. 1996, 536-37

Guatemala and Spanish Cultures Essay -- essays research papers

Guatemala has more people than any other Central American country, with an estimated population of 11,980,000 it is home to many different cultures. The population can be divided into two groups Indians and people of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry. But in Guatemala, being c in alled an Indian or a non-Indian does not depend in all on a persons ancestry. It is basically a matter of how people live and of how they categorize themselves. For example, a Guatemalan is considered an Indian if he or she speaks an Indian language, wears Indian clothing, and lives in a community where the people follow the Indian ways of life. The Indians think of themselves more as part of their community than of their country. They pay little aid to affairs outside the community. Indians make up about 45 percent of the population of Guatemala. Most of them are extremely poor and uneducated. Spanish is the official languages intercommunicate in Guatemala, but there are 20 other Indian languages that are spoken as well. Guatemalas fifth constitution was adopted in 1956. The ground forces seized the government again in 1963, and a sixth constitution went into effect in 1966. Elections were held that year, and civilian government was restored under President Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro. But the country remained troubled. mystifying political extremist groups both(prenominal) rightist and leftist made terror raids. Guatemalan political leaders, the U.S. ambassador, and others were killed during the raids.The movie El Norte tells the story of how two siblings (Enrique and Rosita) lose all of their family to military raids in Mexico. When seems to be next to impossible to survive in Mexico, the two decide to flee to the North (America) which they feel ca be there stepping stone to opportunities and freedom. After a difficult journey the finally arrive in America. As illegal immigrants they had to find immediate work and the had to learn to even up to American cultures, for inst ance Rosita did not know how to use a washer and dryer so she did it as if she were still in Mexico. While both of them worked hours of hard labor daily, Enrique is offered a phone line in Chicago that could guarantee him the right to a green card, but in order to take the job he would have to leave Rosita behind. Meanwhile, Rosita becomes very ill from being exposed to rats during their journey to America. At the last minute Enr... ... and get a green card instead of sticking with her. When they got to the United States they were exposed to American cultures that were not like there own. Enrique was introduced to a characteristic of the American society when Macte attempt to tell Enrique to leave his sister behind and leap toward the future and leave the past behind him, which is a mentality that most Americans have (Paz 65). As mentioned precedent when Rosita was working she did not know how to use the washer and dryer which seems to be a simple task for Americans but it was u nfamiliar to Rosita and she stop up laying the clothes outside. Many North American cultures are taken for granted until we see someone who is not used to simple things such(prenominal) as washing clothes with a machine. Earlier in the movie we saw Rosita washing clothes by hand it was almost as if the movie repeated itself but just showed the same task in a different environment which really stressed the difference in cultures. represent CitedConnor, Walker., Heath Shirley B., and Paz Octavio. Who Are the Mexican-Americans? A note on Comparability. Washington D.C. The Urban Press, 1985Guatemala Encyclopedia Britanica. Vol 5. 1996, 536-37

A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature Essay

In Rabelais and His knowledge domain, the formalist critic Mikhail Bakhtin makes the one reference to Canada that appears in the body of his work. Discussing the French hu human raceists comic dis localisement of Pantagruels northwesterly journey to the icy underworld, he points to the unhomogeneous levels of correspondence among Rabelaiss text (itself a parodic reworking of Dantes Divine Comedy) and Jacques Cartiers journal account of his 1540 voyage to Canada.It was Cartiers colonial venture, Bakhtin suggests, that had a particularly complex and important effect on the European imagining of otro mundo the new world (397-400). For Bakhtin, this effect was felt up just about tellingly on what might be best described as the implications of the Word in the Old World imagination, for it was Cartiers discoery of the mod World that prompted an essential reconsideration of the intellectual and imaginative structures that had until this point guaranteed the Old World a confidence in its linguistic centrality and a certainty in its imaginative enterprise.So radical were the restructurings necessitated by this new information that throughout the earliest explorations of the New World whole editions of journals and maps were destroyed or bought up and mystical because they were thought to disseminate the wrong kind of information (Huggan, 7) or, in the more abstract sense, to articulate the wrong dustup, spread the wrong Word.But as journeys and journals accumulated, so, too, did the notions of Canada as a problematic new land and new language, as a site at which Old World and traditionally worded certainties were confronted by an openness of place that refused to be fixed, refused to accommodate its particularities and paradoxes to the tropes or metaphors privileged by familiar verbal codes.Every journey across this new land became another imaginative office of what were at once the knowable and the radically unknowable realities of the place a number of the earliest cartographers had labeled, somewhat ominously, terra incognita the unknown land. Such mappings were not a luxury, as Margaret Atwood has observed, but a necessity, for without the sense of certainty they provided, these early Canadians would not survive (Atwood, 18-9).Atwoods observations were not in themselves particularly revolutionary but were building on echoes of such notable antecedents as Northrop Frye, who saw in this confrontation both the source of our deep terror regarding the imminence of Canadian geography and of our national myths and mythological patterns (626), and Desmond Pacey, who defined the Canadian imagination as mainly a function of a collision between an imagination demonstrateed fixedly in Old World language and a geography so various and inescapably impressive that in itself it offers an inexhaustible challenge (437-44).More recently, W. H. New has invited a wide-cut rethinking of the most basic terms of this challenge, suggesting that from Car tiers earliest contact the word land has to be seen as a particularly complex discursive terrain, a ground of contestation upon which an ongoing history of our relations with place and space plays out. As New suggests, Canada in this sense becomes a semiotic site at which immutableness vies recurrently with fluidity, position with positionality, the place of social residence with the condition of being there. For Sheila Watson, the condition of being in the her The reduplicate Hook (1959) is very much a process of doubling guts on the assumptions and Words that have traditionally been part of the foundation of Old World thought and action. Faced with an inexhuastible challenge to survive, Watons characters open the novel trapped in silence, the doubling screen of the spoken into the lethal pits-and-snares of the unspoken or, worse still, into the morass of the never said. And is it is in this doubling back of language that Watsons characters find themselves hooked not once (on the self-glorifications of protective silence) but twice, by the fear in which silence finds its most solid footing. The Double Hook opens with an act of matricide, an act that is itself a doubling back to (re)collect both classic (the story of Orestes, for instance) and biblical (1 Timothy) allusions for use in this new land. It is the most deep un-natural doubling, as son erases his own origin, his own naming, his own source.At the same time, it is an act that resonates deeply through a family that lives suspended in silence and that includes among its various acts of violence the suicide of Greta, who remains dumb despite her impulse to use her voice to shatter all memory of the girl who had stayed too long (32) and the blind of Kip, a young boy who attempts to speak of and against the repressiveness shaping his valley home. But as Watson reveals, this Canadian place is a one in which any convey to double away from the exhaustive struggle to find language is often a fatal sl ide.As the character known only as the leave behinds boy shouts in response to the violence erupting in the silences around him Can a man speak to no one because hes a man? Who says so? Ive held my tongue when I should have used my voice like an axe to cut down the wall between us (116). The boys emphasis here is crucial, for what Watson demands to here in her Canadian place is not the language of another or the displacing silence of the fearsome but a radical and potent questioning of the potentialities of a language that can articulate the freedoms that Cartier and others had (en)visioned for this place.As Barbara Godard explains, Watson remains sensitive everlastingly to the thinness and inarticulateness of modern language (153) and is always in search of ways to disturb the readers conventional consciousness of words and their so-called corresponding realities (153). Watsons warning, and her practice in The Double Hook, is for the need to interrogate language in the modern wo rld, to bring language back doubled onto itself as a act of demythologizing and dismantling Watsons novel proposes in its own writing an understanding of language and reality that finds its most profound articulation in the doubling onto itself of language itself.In this doubling back of language upon itself, another act of murdering ones origins, Watson signals her departure from realistic verisimilitude (154) and from the strictures that bound, not freed, Cartier and subsequent explorers, to the language of their realities and their worlds. In the fold of the hills / under prairie wolfs eye (11) language begins to redouble its energies, unfold its potentials to mean beyond the literal into the circular encounterings of allusion and echo and irony.When James flees his ranch on horseback spare-time activity the murder of his own mother, he becomes, briefly, a perverted image of the classic Western hero riding off into the sunset and silence of the horizon. But as he soon recognize s, his is not a semiotic site located in that system in his place, in his language, a person only escapes in circles no matter how far the rope spins. In other words (in new words), he must double back and begin to fill the silence, to despoil the double back language (silence) that has reified around the edges of his folded valley.In his doubling back, he must meet again with Felix, a character whose own languages the vernacular of the valley, the riteized formalness of religion, the silken transcendence of music has itself been emptied of meaning, reduced to cliche He wondered If a bitch crept in by my stove would I let her fall on the hot iron of it? Ive got no words to clear a woman off my bench. No words except Keep moving, scatter, get-the-hell-out. His mind sifted ritual phrases. Some half forgotten. Youre welcome. Put your horse in. Pull up. Ave Maria.Benedictus fructus ventris. Introibo. Introibo. The beginning. The whole thing to live again. Words said over and over h ere by the stove. His father knowing them by heart. Gods servants. The priests servants. The cup lifting. The bread breaking. Domine non sum dignus. Words coming. The last words. (41) Doubling back into his own languages through words ritualized and words said over and over, Felix lives, in this moment, trapped like James, forever in the ellipses of the half forgotten and in the promise, always frustrated, of words coming. In the end, though, it is Felix, with the assistance of Kip, who brings the novel back from the creases of its own doubling, back to the eminence of language made meaningful with its own resonant doubleness, allowing it to be both glory and fear, articulation and reflection, the said and the unsaid. It is Felix, who steps to the side of Angel in the moment of her deliverance to assist in the miracle, and who, even the new mother admits, didnt do bad for a man Especially for a man who never raised a hand to help one of his own mares in have (116).Fishing with Kip in the now meaningful silence that follows the birth, there is a conversation between the two generations of valley men during which the older mans sense of responsibility and wonder serves as a corrective to the younger ones suspicion and fear When a house of full of women, Kip said, and one of them Angel, its best for a man to take his rest among the willows. When a house is full of women and children, Felix said, a man has to get something for their mouths. (117)Caught again in a silence, Kip pauses to reflect on Felixs refocusing of the valley, his doubling of the reality of the presence in the house (and children) that effectively reinscribes community over isolation, family over individual. When Kip speaks again, it is to accept his role in the branding that had scarred his face I keep thinking about James, Kip said. I unbroken at him like a dog till he beat around the way a porcupine beats with his tail (117). Pausing momentarily sooner he answers, Felix slips past the rit ual responses, the formulaic platitudes that have defined him in the past.Rather than parable or vulgar dismissal, he engages the younger man with a reflection upon Jamess burden and, more importantly, a question that at once engages Kip but also looks to his future in the valley James got more than a porcupine has to answer for, he said. Howre you going to pick up a living now? To pick up living in the valley is, as Angel makes clear when she names her new baby Felix, is through the model of the older man, who passes on the will to speak and the will to be heard to a valley.Moving beyond language into love, and through love back to harmony and rebirth, Felix reimagines the silence of the valley, shaping its contours with words and allowing the connecting moments of reticent to reverberate with meaning, to double back into the words of the father-figure in order to find a path to the future. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. Survival A Thematic consort to Canadian Literature. Toronto Anansi, 1972. Frye, Northrop. literary History of Canada. Toronto U of Toronto P, 1965. Godard, Barbara.Between One Cliche and Another Language in The Double Hook. Studies in Canadian Literature 3 (1978) 149-65. Huggan, Graham. Territorial Disputes Maps and Mapping Strategies in Contemporary Canadian and Australian Fiction. Toronto U of Toronto P, 1994. New, W. H. Land Sliding Imagining Space, Presence, and Power in Canadian Writing. Toronto U of Toronto P, 1997. Pacey, Desmond. The Canadian Imagination. The Literary Review 8 (1965) 437-44. Watson, Sheila. The Double Hook. 1959. Toronto McClelland and Stewart, 1989.

Journeys End Courseowkr Essay

Explain the ways in which R. C. Sherriff conveys a sense of the abuse of state of fight in Journeys End with detailed reference to three extracts from the make. How could a film director enhance this sense of horror on the pervade? Journeys End, the seventh most famous play written by R. C Sherriff in 1929, set in Saint-Quentin, France, in 1918, gives us brief glimpse into the experiences of the officers of a British Army infantry comp either in World War I by showing us 6 days in a dugout of the front line.It is just about a 21 year old Captain Stanhope, and after having spent nearly three days in the trenches without any significant leave, has taken to drinking heavily to control his nerves and to ease the stress of trench warfargon. The play brings us through numerous different themes and writing styles throughout, from death, to love and friendship, comadeship, to class, and the scarring effects of war, and to the horrors of war. What interests me is that the play stays only on the single set of what is the dugouts.They argon dark, underground room where the officers of a British company eat, sleep and talk about what is exhalation on in the trenches just outside, yet you can still, yourself, experience what the war was like. You are non faced with your usual heroic commander who saves the day in the end, instead there is Stanhope, a heavy drinker, affected by three years of war. And the play doesnt have courageous battle scenes and huge explosions, or a valiant death bed scene.Instead, the horrors of war are portrayed through the waiting and the suspense of not knowing whats dismissal to happen next, the characters trying to find security and comfort in at least possible, the way they would do anything to get out of there. Fear and cowardice is shown a lot in this play, which is very different from your usual courageous soldiers, ready for battle. The authenticity of the play is what makes it original. It actu solelyy shows what really went o n in the trenches.A particular, during act two, the audience experience a one of the soliders, Hibbert, trying to get out of the war precisely pretending that he had neuralgia. Hibbert is becoming effected from the war, and is generally scared of having to go up and fight. By now in the play, the men are expecting an plan of attack in about two days, and as it draws closer, Hibbert is becoming more nervous and terrified. At first, he tries hinting the fact that he is supposedly ill towards the commander, Stanhope, but in the end, he almost impatiently declares that he has to go down the line to a hospital, when he says Its no good.Ive tried damned hard, but I must go down. Stanhope, a commander three years, has already seen this sort of behaviour and many men trying to get out of going to battle, and obviously sees past this or does not think that neuralgia is an excuse to go to hospital. The scene goes on to the point where Stanhope and Hibbert get into a struggling fight, wher e Hibbert asks Stanhope to shoot him. This shows the horrors of war because the character Hibbert is desperate to get out and go home because he knows that the attack is near.Its not the actual war and the actual battle that is particularly horrifying, but having to wait for it, knowing that its going to happen, and being not completely one vitamin C percent sure enough that youre going to come out alive is what is haunting Hibbert. The director could develop the horror of this scene on the screen by making the sounds of the distant guns and explosions a bit more taunting, almost as if Hibbert is getting more and more scared as the attack comes closer.Hibbert should also be shorter than Stanhope because Stanhope is more of an intimidating figure who is in charge, whilst Hibbert is a cowering soldier trying to get home. The actor playing Hibbert shout also be stuttering, not sure what to say or do because Stanhope is telling him that No mans direct down unless hes very ill. Theres zipper wrong with you. Hibbert is inconsolable and should be acting like hes trying to make up more excuses why he should be sent home, almost pleadingly, as he says lines like Stanhope if only you knew how awful I feel Please do let me go by -. Hibbert gets very unbalanced and says things like What the hell- and Stanhope and him get into a fight. Stanhope should be stronger and more skilled than Hibbert as he is trying to get away and disobey him, so the thrusting and the struggles from Hibbert should be pathetic and weak, quivering, and Stanhope should be firm and almost unfazed. The whole point of this scene is having to face reality and not really believing what you waited for, for so long, and feared was going to at last happen.The lighting should be dark and there should be shadows on Hibberts face, showing how distraught he is and possibly the lack of sleep. There should be a lot of close up shots as well to see character reactions, and some long shots to show the cha racters difference and maybe, their similarity, how they are two afraid but are reacting but are handling it in different ways. A lot in the play, we see a lot of how the men cope with the dread of being in the war, and the upcoming attacks.The constant talk of food whenever the topic of attacks and the war comes into the communication, Stanhopes drinking problems, and pretending they have illnesses so they could have a shot at trying to go home. Osborne is seen as an uncle figure between the officers for his avuncular manner, and at one point in the play, Osborne is recital an extract from Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland. Raleigh questions him on why he is reading a childrens book which doesnt make sense, but it seems that Osborne is cheering himself by going bandaging to times where he was safe and secure in his childishness memories.Before Osborne reads the extract from Alice In Wonderland, Raleigh and him were talking about the raid, possibly lots of dramatic pauses, try ing to avoid eye contact, when Osborne quickly changes the subject and reads more of Alice In Wonderland, leading them into a completely different conversation about Raleighs home town. This scene should be acted as if Osborne is showing his first vulnerability in the play, taking comfort in his childhood memories, when he was away from the war, and in a safe and secure environment.When Raleigh comes over, he tries to adopt his fatherly figure. Raleigh is still very new to all this, so he is very naive and almost acts as if he is looking forward to this raid. The actors should say the lines from Alice In Wonderland as if they were haunting and not cheering at all. Osborne and Raleigh should be quite awkward and trying to avoid eye contact, sadly contemplating what they miss. Another horror of war portrayed in this play is the lack of certain possessions and things that the men cannot have whilst in the dug out.It being good food, comfort, sleep and even women. Throughout the play, the men are constantly referring back to food or their lives back home, and at one point, looking at pictures of naked women together. In the war, the men are deprived from these things. The deaths of two of the most eventful characters in the play Osborne, the paternal figure, and Raleigh, the figure of innocence and naivety are extremely important, as are their effects on Stanhope and are another horror of war.When Raleigh is dying from a shell hitting his back, he is paralysed, and is with Stanhope in his dying moments. Stanhope, who, from his drinking and paranoia, had always been very distant and cold towards Raleigh because he thought that he could write home to his sister about how much of a wreck he was, was now showing a new and consolatory side of himself, calling Raleigh Jimmy and old boy. Even now, Raleigh is naive, thinking that there is something on his legs as he cannot move them, saying that he is feeling rotten, lying down here when everyone else is up there. By now, Stanhope would be desperately trying to comfort Raleigh, hoping that he would get lucky and possibly travel his injury, but through this scene you can tell that Raleighs voice is getting even more distant and softer as he is behind getting weaker. The lighting should be soft and with some shadows to represent Raleighs fading life and the sound of the raid should still be going on. When Raleigh dies, Stanhope is left alone to face the rest of the war on his own, another revulsion of war. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level War Poetry section.

Final Business Plan

pic University of Technology Jamaica Entrepreneurial Skills Business Plan Business Idea deface Charge Group B. Eng. 2M (ca) Date April 11, 2007Group members Lecturer Mr. Clive GrossettDexroy Jones Dwayne McIntoch Mckay Kirkpatrick Binns Calford Ramsay Keon Hinds (3M art) administrator Summary ________________________________________ Introduction Swiff Electronics is a start-up cellular phone earphone accessory and electronic distribution federation. Its system is to add all told cell phone users who take over unbroken dead battery while engaging in an important call or entertaining entertainment woof.It leave behind capitalize on the intricate engineering design and manufactured output that is capable of recharge a cell phone. There be many untapped potential marts within this industry, as the longing for high-quality stylish goods that be convenient, affordable, and easily consultationd ar in great demand. It is the firms intention to import harvest-multiplicatio n from the leaders of electronic, Teqtronics and introduce it to a target population within Jamaicas Metropolitan or corporate argona and to make Swiff Electronic a house forbear name customer come to know and trust.To do this the companys semipermanent goals argon to succeed a 20% commercialize share in the Jamaicas build brand image and brand equity through securities industrying, achieve a sustainable 55% profit brim, and eventually produce our very own luxury product in addition to the initial, moderately- determined line. The company Swiff Electronic is a limited liability corporation in which the sourcing of the product bump offered Spot Charge is done internationally while the marketing and sales are focused in and around the corporate areas of Kingston Jamaica, for short term purposes.Owners hip is divided among five principal individuals who are putting up the initial investment. These include Dexroy Jone Managing Director, Keon Hinds enquiry of Finance and admi nistration, Calford Ramsay guide of Marketing and Human Resources, Dwayne McKay McIntoch Head of Product Development and Kirkpatrick Binns Head of Operations. The First outlet of Swiff Electronics pass on be located at 13 Duke Street, Down Town Kingston, Jamaica. The present location is approximately 700 square meters and should be large enough for the first three years of the companys growth.The portable Chargers volition be stored at the Duke Street location and will be dispatched to different location establish on demand and promise signed with our feature business partners. The product The initial product line will depict the full effect of the product that will be offered, inclusive of a range of different colour in and possibility the opportunity to personalize. The company plans to release more models, which will be integrated as we luff to harbor customs a wide selection to choose from.The pricing strategy will be to initially undercut our main competitors by selling at a minimal profit, using a market penetration strategy. Then, pricing will be ad equitableed to be directly competitive with the other(a) major competitors. The price per Spot Charge is anticipate to be unbelievably affordable. The market Entry into the telecommunication/electronics industry comes at a prosperous time. Over the past two years, the bribes of cell phone have increased vastly and the trend is expected to continue one time the cell phone manufactures continues to introduce raw features to their designs.This will only if adversely widen our market as individual continues to seek charge Where ever, when ever. One of the most important recent trends is that cell phone users are willing to spend higher(prenominal) amounts on their phones because of the enhanced image appeal and reliability. Therefore, a company that laughingstock build a substantial brand image in this industry gains a significant competitive advantage. It is the aim of Swiff Electronics to capit alize on its high quality and reasonable price while pursuing the innovative entitles necessary for brand building. financialThe companys start up tolls will be $ . Owners equity will be provide $ , $ will consist of short-term borrowing, and the rest will be long-term loans. The majority of the start-up costs will consist of rent, research and development, initial inventory, and a strong cash account. Mission bidding ____________________________________ Swiff Electronics mission is simple and frank Purpose Swiff Electronics exists to provide a faster, more reliable source of power for all mobile phone users.Swiff Electronics sells solutions & results Vision By providing fast response, informed expertise, and consistently high quality solutions, Swiff Electronics aims to generate enough satisfied repeat customers to provide a stable retainer base. This will generates sufficient profit to provide a comfortable living for the owner. Mission The short term objective is to s tart this company quickly and inexpensively, with minimum debt. The long term objective is to grow the company into a stable and profitable entity that the owner can easily and comfortably manage. Marketing Slogan Spot Charge where ever, when ever Keys to Success The keys to success for Swiff Electronics are Marketing and Networking (getting the name out there). Responsiveness ( universe an on-call supplier paramedic with fast response time). Quality (getting the job done office the first time, offering 99. 9% or greater guarantee). Relationships (developing loyal repeat customers retainers). Analysis of the business environment ____________________________________Jamaicas telecommunication sector is dominated by three major players, and a number of small entities that presently supply all the electronic accessories that Jamaicans my need for there cell phone. It has been observed however that none of these companies provide the ease or accessibility of charging your phone w here you want, when you want, Thus the reason why Swiff Electronics has been developed. Over the past five years, the rate of failure of industries in Jamaica has the Great Compromiser relatively steady, and the implementation of saucy businesses and arranging has marginally increased.Swiff Electronics will be a refreshful organization that is not unless established and has not yet developed its clientele. However the fact that the market for call phones keeps growing, as manufactures aim to convert a product that was once used only for communication, to a new revolutionized product that consist of attention grabbing entertainment. The need to keep the batteries of these fascinating gadgets charged Where ever, when ever has arisen, Thus giving Swiff Electrons the carrying into action to be very profitable once the right marketing approach is taken.Presently there are trend that are been experienced in the industry which are classified as unconditional or negative depending on the effects these trend have on particular businesses. These trends include Positive *implementation of additional features to the ordinary phones *Reducing the coat of the gadgets *Reduction in pricing causing more individuals to be able to afford a phone Negative *modification of batteries to have longer manner *Developing unique charging outlet that would be difficult to sourceOver the past year the population of the marketing community has been generally stable based on results obtained form the Statistical Institute of Jamaica. The attitude of the community toward the business has been favorable as the results were seen in a feasibility study that was done in and around the marketing community. Description of product ____________________________________ The Spot Charge, as its name implies is a miniature device, very handy portable charger which is operated on a single AA battery and is able to power up any cell phone batter in minutes.Pretty compacted and stylish, the Spo t charge is like a tube and is small enough to be fitted anywhere. So be it anywhere in the world, you can charge up your phone battery anytime by just plugging one end of the Spot Charge adapter into the unit and the other into the cell your phone. Not only will it charge the battery, thanks to its design you can handle your cell phone while it is charging. There is a blue light at one end of the Spot charge that indicates when cell phones is being charge, and if the light goes out simply replace the battery.Spot Charge is ideal during power outages and when camping, hiking or sailing. It gives you the opportunity to make and receive calls as soon as you plug it in. This device is able to power up a cell phone for two hour of talk time or 40 hours of standby time on one AA battery (included). It Trickle charges an average cell phone in 1 ? hours, and comes with a charging adapter that is compatible with Motorola (Motorola ROKR, Motorola RAZR) Audiovox Kyocera Samsung Nokia Sanyo S ony Ericsson LG cell phone even Blackberry PDAs Spot Charge 3 long x ? diameter and weigh less than 1 oz. Analysis of the competition ____________________________________ Based on preliminary investigation and survey of the market, there were no companies or organizations supplying the product that we are introducing to this market area, Therefore when it comes to identical portable chargers like the Spot Charger there are no real competitors. There are however products that provides that same services as the Spot Charge. These products includes car charger, house hold chargers, which are provided by the following companies. Cable and Wireless ? Digicel ? Centennial Miphone ____________________________________________________________ ____________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Production selection Market share Product Quality Quality of service come up of advertizement and production Pricing turnforce turnover Workforce financial cond ition Level of debt Equipment Production capacity ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Pricing Strategies ____________________________________The pricing strategy that Swiff Electronics will be using is to initially undercut our main competitors by selling our product with a small profit of 3%, using a market penetration strategy. Then after getting a share in the market, pricing will be adjusted to be directly competitive with our other major competitors. Swiff Electronics will also maximize sale by spreading the name of the company and products offered by taking part I seasonal sales that will comprise ? The use of coupons ? Bundle pricing This will be done to capture the attention of the overt in the peak shopping seasons.For customers who purchase our product and require the product to be shipped to then, Swiff electronics will comply with these requests however the count price of the product will now include the additional cost for shippi ng. Credit Policy Swiff electronics credit policy will not be the regular policies that we know exist in the business world. What we will be introducing is a policy called cash on delivery, what this therefore means is that we deliver the goods and our customers will liquidate us on the spot.Considering the kind of product we are introducing to the market and that we have no real competition there is no doubt that this policy will work. No other product in Jamaica can do what the spot charge does. This is certainly an advantage in the business that gives us the opportunity to do with our product whatever pleases. Competitive advantage There are no real competitors because Spot charge is new to the market but what we have are potential competitors. The advantages expected would be compared to businesses offering services that are not exactly like Swiff electronics.The quality, price, location and turnaround of the business will all be an advantage over potential competitors. The qua lity of the product is split second to none and the price compares to that of the cost of items that would provide similar service (car charger, regular phone charger etc. ) but the advantage we have is that none of those items are portable and discrete as the spot charge. Market segmentation The market segmentation is divided into the leading target markets. The division reflects the differences in marketing strategy that will be used to target each different market. The yuppies who enjoy being the first on their block to have a new, chic and hip product. The yuppies who follow trends and buy products that everyone else has. Older adults who simply use and depend on their cell phone for business or pleasure. Average college students who seeks convenience while craziness in entertainment. Technologically advance senior citizens. The individual who engage in long distance trips who are plagued by dead battery. Market analysis say-so Customers Expected growth Approximate n umbers 2% 10,000 New Yuppies 3% 20,000 Trend Yuppies 2% 10,000 Older Adults 5% 15,000 College Students 1% 2,000 Senior Citizen 3. % 5,000 Other 16. 5% 47,000 Total Description of Location ____________________________________ Based on results gathered from a feasibility study that was done regarding or product Spot Charge. volume of the individuals who would welcome Spot Charge a part of their daily routine resides outside the metropolitan area of down town Kingston. A decision was concord on by all executive members to locate the first business outlet of Swiff Electronics, within close proximity of the heart of down town Kingston. This would give us an advantage to bring Spot Charge closer to those who have a higher level in interest in the product. A work of the down town area was also carried out, to find out in which area Swiff Electronics would be more profitable. The result of that survey led us to source a shop space th at is located at 13 Duke Street.Duke Street is one of the most busiest streets, in the down town area that Is not only populated by commercial entities but also other small businesses that are doing exceptionally comfortably, which is as a result of their location. With Swiff Electronics being a new kid on the block and the only Electronic/cell phone accessory dealer, we are expecting to welcome a number of curious shopper as well as individuals who are companionshipable about our product and services. Promotional Plan ____________________________________ The ultimate promotional goal of Swiff electronics is to To communication with the target group and create sensation and interest in the service Spot Charge has to offer. To increase the use of Spot Charge, hence eliminate the break in communication associated with dead cell phone batteries. To acquire an increase in revenue. To enhance name recognition There are many ways to market the service offered by the product Spot Cha rge, however, the strategies listed below represent a few cost-effective ways to accomplish the marketing objective. Communication Mix In communicating with the target group, we will use a combination of communication channels such as advertising, publicity, promotions and personal selling. Because people need to hear a message many times from a variety of sources, we will employ a combination of these with a variety of approaches. Advertising strategy Management & Implementation Funding Tasks Responsibility eon frame of reference Utilization of Monitors( big screen Identify what monitors are available in areas Ongoing TV) that are placed in prime areas frequented by draw coordinators Promotions Committee eg Libraries, supermarkets and Identify message content universities and schools etc. Banner in campus cafes and other investigate possibility with cafes to pay Promotions Committee April June 2007 strategic locations what message (link with give up coffee promotion below) Television ads. Radio advertisement Develop appropriate ads emphasizing the Promotions Committee Ongoing benefits of owning a Spot Charge Publicity Strategy Management & Implementation Funding Tasks Responsibility Time Frame Donate time and funds to Identify charitable organizations and investigate Promotions Committee July 2007 charitable organization such aspossible ways of offering time and funding. Children homes and Juvenile Correctional centers Writing articles for the local Produce article with relevant information on the Promotions Committee July 2007 newspaper concerning grand benefits of Spot Charge entrance of Spot Charge Promotions Strategy Management & Implementation Funding Tasks Responsibility Time Frame Presentation of promotional Letter text & printing/ Design brochures. Promotions Committee End of August 2007 product, letter, and brochures Investigate associated cost. at well developed comp anies, Print brochures. shop centers and other frequently visited locations Incentive promotion with phone Investigate how it will work and ways to verify Promotions Committee September 2007 companies- get product at eligibility discounted price with the purchase of any phone. Web site web site of resources and information about Spot Promotions Committee September 2007 Charge and generic attributes picture show message on web or email Investigate costs & how to do this Promotions Committee September 2007 Identify a key message we craving to use it to deliver. Management and personnel Swiff Electronics is currently not hiring any employees. The decision has been made to postpone hiring until the company begins to succeed. After approximately one year, there employees will be added to the current five. Organizational Structure Swiff Electronics is split functionality, In that each division of the company is managed by one of the co-ow ner of the group. Management Team Dexroy Jones is the managing director, and founder of Swiff electronics. Jones was professorship of production at Swiss Army Watches before he decided to return to his native home land to start his own company. He graduate from the University of Technology Jamaica, and received an MBA at The Florida International University. Calford Ramsay head of Marketing and Human Resources division. He has worked and co-owned Wright and Ramsay, an advertising agency, for fifteen years. Ramsay received a BA and MBA from University of Technology Jamaica UTech. Dwayne McKay McIntoch Head of product development division. He was previously vice president of operations at Greentree Sports in Phoenix, AZ.He received his BA from Caribbean Maritime Institute Jamaica CMI and his MBA from UCLA. Keyon Hinds Financial Controller and head of administration. He was previously financial controller of French Collection for United Kingdom FCUK for seven years. He has returned home to provide his knowledge and expertise in the building of Swiff Electronics. He received his BA at the University of Technology Jamaica and a MBA at Cambridge University. Kirkpatrick Binns Operation manager. Binns is the owner of Legendary Manufactures and has worked as operation manager for six years at Docks producers in Marthas Vineyard. He has received a B. Sc. at the University of Technology Jamaica and a MBA at Texas A&M University. Management Team Gaps The following important gaps exist The present team has little sales experience. There is no current in-house designer this should be right within a year. There is no international manager. Personnel The personnel plan calls for adding three employees by the end of the first year for a total of eight. After the second year, employment is expected to increase by another four. These new employees will go into production and sales.Swiff Electronics aims to provide the finest services to its employees. In fulfi lling this aim the company provides benefits for all full time employees which include ? Health plan ? Life insurance ? pension plan The company also observes all public calendar holidays. For public holidays, salary paid employees will receive a day off, and hourly paid employee will receive double pay for the hours worked on these days. All employees are also entitled to three sick days per month however only full time employees will receive pay for these periods. Vacation time is available for all employees having being with the company for a minimum of one year.The following give detail has to how the time is allotted subject VACATION OF YEARS TIME (working days) 1 5 2 4 14 4 and over 28 For employees who may experience a cobblers last in the family they will be eligible for additional days off. For death within the immediate family, employees will receive 4 working days off (spouse, children, parent etc. , and 2 working days off for other members of the family (cousi n, uncle, aunt etc. ). The company will also present a flowered presentation to the team member who has experience such tragedy. Swiff Electronics hiring policies are governed by ? Title VII of the Civil Rights take ons ? Age Discrimination Law ? The Americans with Disability Act ? The Family Leave Act As the company gives equal opportunity to all applicants irrespective of the colour of their skin, religious believe, age, nationality, disability and sexual orientation. Organizational Chart pic Work Schedule pic Work period April 9, 2007 April 15, 2007 Approved by_________________________ Names ITEM QUANTITY NEEDED PRICE FOR EACH TOTAL PRICE Desk 5 4080 20400 Chairs 8 3200 25600 Shelving 9 3700 33300 Lounge chairs 3 6900 20700 Total for furniture and fixtures 100000 Machinery / Equipment Computers 3 40000 120000 Total for machinery and equipment 120000 Checklist for start-up cost Inventory 57,866,000 Furniture and fixtures 100,000 M achinery and equipment 120,000 Prepaid expenses Insurance 150,000 Grand opening advertising 70,000 statutory fees 80,000 Accounting fees Employees wages 300,000 Other Total prepaid expenses 600,000 deposits lease 120,000 Utility Tax 994,500 other 50,000 Total deposits 1,299,500 Building and renovation If purchased Sales price Construction /renovation If leased Leasehold improvements Total location cost 0 Working capital Owners salary 500,000 Employees salary Employee taxes Rent Advertising Utilities Supplies Telephone Legal/accounting fees Loan payment Repairs/maintenance Auto/travel expenses inventory miscellaneous Total working capital 500,000 Total Start-up cost 60,350,500 Financing 1. What are your total start-up costs? $ 60,350,500 2. How overmuch will you invest from personal funds? $350,000 3. How much will you obtain in other equity? 0 4. How much will you borrow? $60,000, 000Bank loan$ 5,000,000 Borrowed for 5 years at 17% interest Finance companies $55,000,000 Borrowed for 7 years at 16. 45% gap Day Balance Sheet Assets real assets Cash (working capital)500,000 Supplies Prepaid expenses465,000 Inventory 57,866,000 Total current assets$ 58,831,000 Fixed assets Furniture/fixtures100,000 Machinery/equipment120,000 Renovations Total fixed assets 220,000 Total assets$ 59,051,000 Liabilities Current liabilities Long term debt 60,000,000 Total current liabilities Long term liabilities Total long term$ 60,000,000 Total liabilities$ 60,000,000 Equity Total liabilities and equity project Income Statement Sales 72,332,500 cost of goods sold beginning inventory 0 + purchases 57,866,000 + freight 0 - ending inventory 0 = cost of goods sold 57,866,000 Gross margin 14,466,500 Expenses Employee wages 300,000 Legal 80,000 Advertising 95,000 Rent 120,000 Depreciation Supplies Utilities 5000 Telephone 3300 Interest Repairs Taxes 994,500 Insurance 150,000 Miscellaneous Total expenses 1,747,800 Net profit 12,718,700 Less income -3,179,675 Less self employed tax -890,309 Net profit after tax 8,648,716 Jan Feb Rent 120,000 Telephone 3,300 Legal 80,000 Insurance 150,000 Total 350,000 3,300 Determine breakeven Contribution margin Projected sales for first year$ 198,738,715 Gross margin$ 173,598,000 Contribution margin =. 87 take to the woods even Total fixed expense4,200,000 Contribution margin0. 87 Break even point BE= 4,200,000/0. 87 = $4,827,586. 21 Legalities ____________________________________ Swiff Electronics is a partnership or limited liability company.The decision to choose this organization form is as a result of legalities that surround our organization. Being a limited liability organization gives us the opportunity to pull together the needed funding as well as a profound and well grounding decision making team. Calfrod Ramsay the Marking manager is curre ntly in discussion with the producers of our product, making agreement to be the main distributor of the Spot Charge within our marketing environment. With that agreement finalize no other company would have legal right to purchase or be a distributor for the manufacture of Spot Charge within this market. Insurance Requirements ____________________________________In ensuring the safety of our employees and property is . Swiff Suppliers ____________________________________ Swiff Electronics source all its products from Teqtronics Manufacturing located in China. Although there are not the only suppliers, Teqtronics has proven to be more consistent in their business agreements and the quality of the product they offer. They are also the only producers of the brand and type of Spot Charge that we will be marketing. The credit terms offered by Teqtronics are unbeatable and they give us the opportunity to choose the quantity of products we would like to order based on the demand of our cu stomers. Uncontrollable risks ____________________________________There are a number of uncontrollable risks that plagues new businesses that are now on the list of Swiff Electronics. These risks include ? Natural disasters Hurricanes Storms Flood etc. ? Rate of inflation ? Changes in technology ? Changes in consumer tasks and life style ? New competition ? The continuous decrease in value of our dollar vs. our counterparts Conclusion ____________________________________ pic Managing Director Dexroy Jones Financial Controller/ Administration Keon Hinds Marketing and HR conductor Calford Ramsay Product Development Dwayne McKay McIntoch Marketing and sales TBA Operations manager Kirkpatrick Binns Administrative Assistant TBA Marketing and Sales TBA

Case Study Havaianas: A Brazilian Brand Goes Global Essay

Question 1What factors could explain the success of Havaianas in becoming a global sword?1.) Stable and well developed economic understate through acquisitions and expansions lead to a huge sandal market apportion * Sao Paulo Alpargatas exists since 1939, specialization in four business units (sandals, sporting goods, industrial textile and retail) * Controling Shareholder (67%) Camargo Correa group with operation in 20 countries * Acquisition of Companhia Brasileira de Sandalias (Dup brand) in 2006 leads to increased share in the Brazilian flip flop market * Acquisition of 60% of Alpargatas genus Argentina to expand in Latin the States2.) Long experience and know-how in manufacturing sandals and producing the special rubber * Own operational and logistical framework* Extension of the manufacturing name in 2007 ( capability to produce 212 million pairs of sandals annually) * Production in the northeast of Brazil, Santa Rita, in order to scale down costs, increase mathematical productivity and further streamline the logistic network * Headquters in Camargo Correas Centro Empresarial to optimize the administrative processes3.) Product innovation* From hotshot style with five colorise to 509 new models of sandals and sport footwear* Different designs and colors* Special editions4.) Product properties* Low price affordable* Durability, robust* Comfortable* Trademark in 1962* shoes for the poor, outside work (coffee bean pickers and blue collarworkers), all day shoes* For hot and humid weather5.) Repositioning of the brand (1994)* Before one style and five colors, poor present of sales execution and functional based advertisement, image of a cheap product that can be bought everywhere* Havaianas Top, matching sole and shell* in 13 colors* slight premium price* advertising showing upper grad consumers and celebrities wearing Havaianas* upgrade through better box* new sales channels with more emotional context* Continuous product innovation* Launch of n ew designs (80 styles)* Incorporation of world means trends* ever-changing costumers* Opinion leaders, celebrities and upper class costumer wear Havaianas non only at home, but in many places and occasions* Free publicity from fans (international fashion and movie stars)* International fashion magazines, catwalk, MTV Music Awards and the Hollywood Oscars 2003* Communication* 12% of the turnover was spent for marketing* Buzz marketing and advertising with electronic media* local anesthetic and international celebrities* Online advertising, youtube videos, * Co-branding Havaianas was linked to ecological causes due to IPE limited editions and limited editions by famous artists, that financed favela projectsQuestion 2How far goes the company in terms of expanding the brand?1.) 1960 export to Latin America2.) 1990 tourism to Brazil increased and Havaianas were brought home 3.) 1998 big export to France* Europe (major markets are Italy, Portugal, France, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands )* At the Soccer World form of 1998 Havaianas with the Brazilian flag on the strap became an instant hit 4.) Communication strategy change* Europe, France* Independently managed markets (local entrepreneurs)* European subsidiary to harmonize the brand strategy, advertising, product and price positioning* In 2001 Tudo Bem was established as an official importer* Cooperation with leading designers from fashion to luxury * Sponsorships (events at trendy discotheques, fancy hotels, gyms)* Customize your own Havaianas* US* Havaianas became a must wear* In 2004 Style West, exclusive distributor, equipped celebrities and designers each season with the hottest colors* In 2007, entry in the US market with a guerilla marketing strategy* In order to catch college students, the brand had to be authentic, over-promotion can make a brand less(prenominal) cool* The US market is extremely interesting because of the huge price, that costumers are willing to pay up to $30* Asia* Countries with the i deal Havaiana weather Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand* Hot and humid weather and similar footwear culture to Brazil* Philippines is the only market with an significant level of sales* Reason of Haivaiana the fail Large middle class or below and many branded US, EU and Asian competitors as well as cheap and unbranded Chinese entrepreneurs* Japan* Fashion apprised and hot and humid weather* Limited editions exclusively for Japan with Chiso* Advertising and buzz marketing techniques5.) 2007 20.000 stores in over 65 countries Main markets Brazil, US, Australia, Latin America Question 3 How sustainable is their competitive reward?1.) Consumers love the Made in Brazil factor* This is one of the most sustainable factors of Havaianas competitive advantage as long as the positive Brazilian image not changes 2.) Bigger size than its competitors Economies of Scale* This success factor is hard to replicate and creates a sustainable competitive advantage as well as a cost advantage * Production in the northeast of Brazil, Santa Rita, in order to reduce costs, increase productivity and further streamline the logistic network * Headquters in Camargo Correas Centro Empresarial to optimize the administrative processes 3.) Bigger market share than its competitors Expansion of the market share through the acquisition of other flip flop companies * Due to the Economies of scale* Due to advertising and branding4.) Unique brand positioning* Celebrities and opinion setters dumbfound already adapted the trend, this competitive advantage is effective and persuasive but only as long sustainable as Havaianas are not replaced by other footwear brands * Production in the northeast of Brazil, Santa Rita, in order to reduce costs, increase productivity and further streamline the logistic network * Headquters in Camargo Correas Centro Empresarial to optimize the administrative processes5.) Continuous product innovation* Adaption to actual tendencies and trends is the best protection of keeping ones reputation and market share.6.) Top-secrete rubber expression* Sustainable competitive advantage as long as there is no better recipe.7.) Authentic comfort and quality* Authentic image not at least due to ecological conscious co-branding.Havaianas have the biggest market share because their customers are convinced of the quality, price (in Brazil) and fashionable emotional value. This package is one of the keys of the brands success and is only hard to replicate of its competitors.

Disease and Disorders of the Lymphatic System

Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) illness in which there are high levels of start (glucose) in the blood. Type I Diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It was previously known as juvenile diabetes. Type I diabetes is usually excited by an auto-immune reaction in which the cells that produce insulin are attacked by the bodys defense organization. People who have type 1 diabetes produce very little or no insulin. (Types of Diabetes, 2013) The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. However, in most people, it due to a problem with the bodys immune system.The immune system is suppositious to fight harmful bacteria and viruses, but in those with type 1 diabetes the system mis constrictnly destroys the insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas, which lies behind and below the stomach. Once the islet cells have been destroyed the pancreas will produce little or no insulin. The pancreas secretes insulin in the bloodstream and it is circulated throughout the system enabling sugar to enter cells.The chief(prenominal) function of insulin is to lower the amount of sugar in the bloodstream. As the level of sugar drops in the blood, the pancreas slows down the secernment of insulin. Because there is no insulin to let glucose into cells, the sugar builds up in the bloodstream where is can cause life-threatening complications. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) Glucose is important to the body as it is the main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues.There are two major sources of glucose, food and the liver. The body receives glucose from various foods containing sugar. When sugar is ingested it is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters cells with the suspensor of insulin. When you havent eaten for a period of time, your insulin levels are low this is when the liver converts stored glycogen into glucose to keep the glucose lev el within the body within a rule range. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) There arent many known risk factors for type 1 diabetes.Some of the known risk factors include a family history of parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes, Genetics (the presence of certain genes indicates an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes), exposure to certain viruses (Epstein-Barr, mumps, or cytomegalovirus may trigger destruction of islet cells), early drinking of cows milk, introduction of cereal to a babys aliment prior to the age of 3 months, the birth mother who is younger than 25 years of age or if she had preeclampsia during pregnancy, being born with jaundice, and having a respiratory infection just after birth. The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) While diabetes is a chronic, lifelong illness, it is controllable. Treatment for type 1 diabetes includes monitoring blood sugar on a regular basis, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight, as well as insulin therapy . Individuals with type 1 diabetes will generally ask regular insulin injections for the duration of their lives. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) There are various types of insulin used to control blood sugar levels.The three types insulin used for therapy is rapid-acting, intermediate options, and long-acting insulin. Rapid-acting insulin should be taken within 30 minutes of eating a meal as onset of action begins 10-15 minutes after injection and last for somewhat 45 minutes. It is meant to be used to help metabolize food when ingested. Long-acting insulin should be taken at the same each day as it whole kit over a 24 hour period with no peak time. The goal is to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible, this will delay and possibly prevent complications.Daytime blood sugar levels prior to meals should be between 80 and 120. Bedtime blood sugar levels should be between 100 and 140. Keeping blood sugar levels close to normal most of the time can dramatically reduce t he risk of complications to other major organs in the body. Uncontrolled blood sugar can cause damage to the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. Long-term complications develop gradually over years. The earlier diabetes develops and the little controlled the blood sugar is, the higher the risk for complications.Type 1 diabetes complications can be life-threatening or even disabling. Heart and blood vessel disease increases the risk for coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, and narrowing of the arteries. Excess sugar can injure the walls of tiny blood vessels, with can cause tingling, numbness, burning or pain that usually begins at the tops of the toes/fingers and gradually spreads upward. Uncontrolled blood sugar can cause the loss of all gumption of feeling in limbs.Diabetes can also damage the filtering system of the kidneys. Severe damage can lead to kidney failure which can require dialysis or a kidney transplant. Because diabetes can cause nerve damage it can also affect the blood vessels of the retina which can lead to potential blindness. Diabetes increases the risk of cataracts and glaucoma of the eye. This is just a a few(prenominal) of the complications of uncontrolled diabetes. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) Living with diabetes isnt easy.Management of blood sugar requires a lot of time and effort, especially when newly diagnosed. Poorly controlled blood sugar can directly affect emotions and cause behavior changes, such as irritability. Diabetes can also make you feel different from other people. It is important to take with others who have diabetes. Support groups are available both online and in person. This is a good source of information. You can also visit the websites of the American Diabetes Association or the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.

Media Violence Essay

Television, magazines, radio, movies, and music be all forms of to twenty-four hourss modern media. Is it possible that our modern media could be causing crime grade to rise? Back in the 1920s, these medias came out so that commonwealth could stay connected with what was going on approximately the world. Soon, the media became a form of entertainment. Over the last five decades, the rules and guidelines of media have got changed dramatically. When the media first came out, it was completely prohibited to tied(p) guess something small analogous pregnant on TV, or cursing in music.However, eventually the new entertainment became old, and the producers of the media had to find ways to keep our interest. Therefore, the media starting making the previous prohibitions, non-prohibited so that they could keep our interest. In result, today the producers the media are showing mass murders and other violent things on TV, alike(p) showing murders and crimes. Music artists sing about v iolent actions. In many a(prenominal) peoples eyes, the world we know as media has left a state of innocence and entertainment, to a world of rage and indecency. A plethora of people would say that change in the media has created new issues.Often times, people blame our media for crime rates that have been skyrocketing in the last five decades, especially in adolescences. In fact, violent crimes in adolescence living in America have more than than doubled since the 1990s. For this reason, we must inquire, is media violence the reason for this aggressive behavior? afterward reading many essays, such as Mike Males essay, Stop Blaming Kids and TV, and Sissela Boks essay, AgressionThe Impact of Media Violence, I genuinelyized that people cannot just pinpoint violent media as the practise of this new epidemic, because in reality the environments that kids live in nowadays playing periods a much bigger role.Therefore, through these essays, it became very clear that media violence is not the biggest issue for violence, tho perhaps these kidskinrens homes and families. The first essay I read, Stop Blaming Kids and TV, by Mike Males, explains to the reader that the new profound aggressive behaviors of nestlingren have little to do with our new media and more to do with their home environments. To begin Maless essay, he starts by stating that many people believe that media violence is the cause of the new crime rate increase.Males thusly starts to list various groups that are strong believers of media violence being bad for kids and gives us many examples such as, Progressives are no exception. Mother Jones claims it has proof that TV makes kids violent. And the institute of Alternative Media emphasis, the average American child will witness 200,000 acts of (TV) violence by the time that child graduates from high school (253).Males then goes on to argue that point by stating, None of these varied interests not that during the eighteen course of studys betwe en a childs birth and graduation from high school, in that respect will be fifteen million cases of real violence in American homes grave nice to require hospital emergency treatment (253). He then continues by telling us that the Department of Health and Human Services said that there are over 500,000 cases of abusive parents reported each year. After the Department reported this fact, this report disappeared from the news completely after only one day (253).Another point that Males argues is that the Japanese and European kids have media just as violent as ours here in America and yet their crime rates are not nearly as high as ours. In fact, it is said that their crime rate are so low that their 17 year olds create less crime than our 77 year olds in America. Furthermore, Males then tells about his own personal experiences and what he has watched over his years of working with children. by means of his own studies, he found that many of the kids who showed any acts of aggressi on or violence had an unstable or bad home life.For example kids who have parents in jail or kids who have alcoholics in their families. Next, he tells us about the survey that he conducted in los angles from 400 middle school students. From this study he got that most kids parents are there biggest influence. Thus, when a kid sees his/her parents doing something, or acting some way, they are far more likely to act just like their parents did. To back this statement, he provided us with yet another study from the Centers for Disease Control, where they found that 75 percent of all teenage smokers come from homes where their parents smoke (255).Males then goes on to conclude his essay by stating, Millions of children and teenagers face real destitution, drug abuse, and violence in their homes. Yet these profound menaces continue to lurk in the backdrop (256) Maless main purpose of this essay was to persuade the reader that violent media such as TV is not the only cause for why kids are violent. This essay was very effective because he used many outside sources besides himself. He used a messiness of logical appeals and even a few emotional pieces throughout his essay. For his logical appeals he used university, departments, and programs that deal with the youth.These sources tend to be very credible and reliable. As the reader that makes us find like what he is saying is very factual because he got his information from good sources. In addition He researched other countries and media violence in their countries, which was authentically good because what he found in those countries, was that even though those countries play the same violence and aggression on their TVs, they have a diswhitethorn crime rates which really helps back up Maless point. Thus, for these reasons this essay was very effective in persuading the reader that TV is not to blame for this aggression.The spot essay that caught my attention, Aggression The Impact of Media Violence, by Siss ela Bok, also explains how there is not just one thing that affects why kids are so violent but a myriad of things. As Bok begins her essay she states, Even if media violence were linked to no other debilitating, it would remain at the center of public debate so long as the widespread belief persists that it glamourizes aggressive conduct, removes inhibitions toward such conduct, arouses viewers, and invites imitation. (224).Next, she goes on to tell about how 21 percent of the American public blames television more than any other cistrons for teen violence. It is said that the media makes up for 5-15 percent of the societal violence. Furthermore, she then writes about Centerwalls study which was published in 1989 which states that if television had not been created he believes we would have 10,000 less homicides each year (227). However, Sissela fights back to this statement by addressing that Mr. Centerwall did not take into consideration of other things that were going on at th e time, like shifts in policy and population.Therefore, she persuades us that media is not a for sure topic to blame for the increase homicide rate. She continues her argument against blaming media violence by writing, We may neer be able to trace, retrospectively, the specific set of television programs that contributed to a particular persons aggressive conduct. How can anyone definitively pinpoint the link between media violence and the acts of real life violence? (228). Nevertheless, Mrs. Bok tells about her research on homicides in America and how the children homicide rates have escalated greatly, and then concludes her essay by sayingAmerica may be the only society on earth to have experiences what has been called an epidemic of children killing children, which is ravaging some of its communities today. As in any epidemic, it is urgent to ask what is it that makes so many capable of such violence, victimizes so many others, and causes countless more to live in fear. Whatever role media are found to play in this respect, to be sure, is part of the problem. Obviously, not even the total elimination of media violence would wipe out the problem of violence in the United States or any other society.The same can be said for the proliferation and easy access to guns, or for poverty, drug addiction, and other risk factors. As Dr. Deborah Prothrow-Stith puts it not an two or. Its not guns or media or parents or poverty. (228-9) Boks main purpose was to persuade the reader that media violence is not the only contributing factor into this new profound violence in children. She explains that there are many other factors like these kids home environments. This essay was effective because Bok used a lot of really good sources such as associations, psychologists, and studies, as well as many statistics that she provided for us.She also made it very clear that she had researched this topic quick profoundly by going way back into the history of childrens violence in previous decades. She provided us with a very well displayed argument and even showed some of the opposing side. However, she always fought back with the opposing arguments with a better argument really building her argument into a good one. In consequence, Boks essay was a very effective essay and does persuade the reader into believing that media violence is not the main cause of aggression in children.Overall, Mr. Males and Mrs. Bok both had very good arguments. They both expressed their opinions and the found facts and proof to help back there thesis. While these essays did not completely take the same stand, these authors had standardised views to an extent on media violence. In both of essays they uses logical and credible sources. In addition, in Mr. Males essay he also included a few emotional pieces, about his work with the children. Both of these essays specifically focused on the outcome of the kids and how media violence has affected them.However, both essays would lik e to say that media violence is not the pinpoint cause of why kids are being more violent nowadays, as opposed to in the recent decades. After reading these essays I do have to say that now I dont believe that media violence is the may cause for aggression in adolescence. Furthermore, so who is to say that media violence is causing this aggression since there is no evidence? Better yet, why arent we looking at other oppositions such as childrens home environments? Either way this is an epidemic now, and its time we learn how to change it.Its time for the communitys to get involved in helping to stop this epidemic. Perhaps this could be through go more rehab programs for parents, or counseling to the children with deep levels of anger and hatred. Maybe its through offering anger management programs through schools, or spreading awareness, because in any situation, no matter the cause, this violence is happening, and we cant stop it until we try. So like Sissela Bok and Mike Males, l ets look at other oppositions, and learn how to stop this violence before it gets even more out of control.

Analysis of Bandura’s Cognitive Theory and Beck’s Cognitive Theory

The study of human reflexion or behaviorism focuses on attributes of creation that ar discernible, measurable and which can be manipulated. The emphasis of behaviorism is on experimental methods and avoids attributes that are subjective, internal or unavailable.The experimental method involves the manipulation of ane variable and measurement of its effect on another variable. It is from the study of variable and do that a Canadian psychologist, Albert Bandura found the cognitive possibleness (or mixer cognitive scheme) (Bandura, 2006).Bandura for instance observed aggressive behavior in adolescents and opined that the aggressiveness is caused by the environment in which the adolescents grow. On the other hand, he also know that behavior causes an environment as well.Thus, since behavior and environment are causes and effects of each other, Bandura referred to the concept as reciprocal determinism (Bandura1986). In short, Banduras surmisal was based on the fact that the wo rld and a persons character (behavior) affect each other (Bandura, 1986).While it would appear that the environment was the cause of behavior and personality, Bandura also realized that personality is an interaction of a persons mental responses in relation to the environment (Bandura, 2006).The mental processes consist of the human creations top executive to entertain different images and oral communications. Thus, the cognitive guess is built on two essential principles. The first hotshot is a cloth for explaining how different personalities function, whereas the other one addresses the type of variables (that is the elements of analysis) on which the personality theory should be centred (Bandura, 2006).In analysis of the influence of reciprocal determinism, Bandura categorically uses the word determinism to imply the thought in which effects are produced by events (Bandura, 2006). However, this opinion does not mean that a human beings actions arise from straightforward and predictable chains of cause and consequence.Rather, it implies that events produce effects by chance. As a result, the prob qualification or chance of an event producing an effect is emphasized in Banduras cognitive theory (Bandura, 2006). Perhaps the intimately significant conniption of Banduras theory is the way in which the theory treats behavior.Unlike many other theoretical frameworks, this theory has equal action on two(prenominal) the input of the personality and the output of personality (Bandura, 1986). In essence, Banduras opinion is that a persons actions and the resultant effects shape the persons aptitude, feelings and belief in one self (Bandura, 2006).For example, many behaviorist theories depict scant curiosity in self-process because the theorists assume that human functioning is caused by impertinent stimulus rather than the internal stimulus which is only considered as transmitting rather than causing behavior (Bandura, 1986).This paper critically evaluat es the notable features of Banduras cognitive theory and discusses in detail the view commit of the Bandura at the cadence of formulation of the theory and the theorys subsequent modification.The paper will also respect the strengths and weaknesses of the theory based on the discussion. Analysis of the salient features of Banduras cognitive theory The most notable feature of Banduras loving cognitive theory is the concept of reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1986).Reciprocal determinism is a phenomenon that implies the causes and effects of different actions on behavior and environment and how they affect each other. Thus, Banduras theory was based on the point that personal factors in the form of cognition, biological events and affect, behavior and environmental factors create interfaces that result in a triadic reciprocality as illustrated in Figure 1. Bandura limited the label of his theory from the joint perspective of affectionate tuition to social cognitive in order to d istance it from the common social learning theories of his time (Bandura, 1986).He also wanted to lay emphasis on the idea that cognition plays a significant role in flocks potency to innovation reality, regulate their personality, encode information and display other kinds of behavior. According to Bandura (1971), the reciprocal form of the determinants of individual human functioning in social cognitive theory enables services such as therapeutic and counseling efforts to be rendered with focus on personal environment or behavioral factors as illustrated in the plat above.Based on this, strategies to improve a persons well-being can be aimed at ameliorating the emotional, cognitive and motivational process of the human being (Bandura, 1986). The focus can also be on improving behavioral capabilities or changing the communal conditions under which volume live and work.As an example, teachers in schools brook a role to not only improve their students academic learning and confi dence, but also boost their (students) self-beliefs and habits of thinking. Hence, teachers and students have to embrace all the components of Banduras triadic expression of cognitive theory.As earlier mentioned, Banduras social cognitive theory sets itself aside from other theories that overemphasize the role played by environmental factors in the culture of human behavior (Bandura, 1986 Bandura, 2006).These theories are often dismissed since they have the redundant factor of cause and effect that is unworthy in the context of evaluating the psychological aspect of human beings. Thus according to Bandura, psychology per se without a clear self-examination cannot purport to explain the complexities of human intricacies of human functioning.Bandura (1986) further noted it is by evaluating their own conscious minds that people discern their own psychological processes. Therefore, in order to predict how the human behavior is touch on by environmental outcomes, it is authoritative that the individuals cognitive process and how he or she interprets the outcomes be understood.Personal determinants An important factor in addressing how a person interprets the outcomes is recognition of the personal determinants. This is affected by the choice of variables to be used in the evaluation process.Banduras choice for such variable depicts what may be the most distinctive aspect of human feel, that is, people have abilities to adapt to different environments (Bandura, 1986). For instance, people are able to live in a variety of physical environments such as deserts, rainforests, Polar Regions and so on.They are also able to live and engage in a variety of social environments such as nomadic systems, divers(a) religious beliefs, different socio economic and socio cultural activities and so on. People also exhibit a variety of unique capabilities that cannot be attributed to the occurrence of evolution over time (Bandura, 1971).In fact, the list of human beings unique capabilities relative to animals cannot be exhausted in a single book. Hence, in order to perform an analysis of psychological functioning, one must specify the psychological mechanisms that facilitate the unique capabilities. Banduras (1986) theory has a focal point on the cognitive methods that enable people to learn about the world around them (environment) and also about themselves, and use the knowledge gained to control their behavior and mental bes.In particular, Bandura (1986) enlisted five basic capabilities that facilitate the learning process, as described below. Symbolizing content implies the ability of people to represent their knowledge symbolically. The most common symbolic representation or conveyance of messages is language (Bandura, 1971). The ability to use symbols in terms of language is perhaps the most fundamental capability in human beings as it serves as a valuation account for the other capabilities.Vicarious capability is the ability to acquire skills, knowledge and other emotional tendencies through observation or a similar approach (Bandura, 1971). Banduras (2006) sedulous analysis of vicarious processes that are involved in acquiring skills makes the cognitive theory not only realistic but also unusually comfortable to comprehend and interpret. In addition, it clears most of the issues that are usually overlooked by psychological theories such how people acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to act efficiently.According to Bandura (1997), vicarious capability enables people to keep away from risky or costly undertakings that could lead to fatal outcomes. This is because the people ideally have a sense of experience by observing their own characters relative to the characters or behavior of others.Bandura (1986) referred to the ability to anticipate future contingencies as the forethought capability of human beings. Forethought capability is vital for both emotional and motivational perspectives of life.For instance, c ontrary to popular belief, psychological distress arises from peoples anticipated dreadful experiences and not the present or actual experiences. It is because of the ability to derive alternative approaches that one can foresee the consequences of an action without actually being involved in it.According to Bandura (1986), the fourth unique human capability is the self-regulatory capability. This is the electrical capacity of an individual to set goals. In addition, this capability allows individuals to evaluate their performance in relation to their own (internal) standards of performance.Bandura (1986) further noted that the ability of people to evaluate their self-concept, look upon and values enables them have a sense of self-direction and ability to lead life without much reliance on others. Much similar to the above capability is the self-reflective capability.According to Bandura (1997), this is the capacity of human beings to have personal thoughts. In this context, perso nal reflections lay a course for action and formulation of ideas by individuals based on self-efficacy. The aforesaid(prenominal) capabilities do not work in isolation but in concert.In particular, according to Bandura (1997), the aspects of self-reflection, self-regulation and forethought act in synergy to form a self-system, which comprises the framework of personality. Furthermore, people are able to control their emotions and social lives by integrating the constituents of the self-system (Bandura, 1986).Self-reflection in particular is distinctly human and forms a prominent feature of the social cognitive theory. Through self-reflection, individuals derive sense from their experiences and embrace their cognitions and self-beliefs.Consequently, they are able to engage in self-evaluation and are able to shift their thinking and behavior thence (Bandura, 1986). Self-efficacy When the capabilities so far described are integrated effectively, the self-system acquires a state of sel f-efficacy (Bandura, 1997).Perceived self-efficacy refers to peoples ability to evaluate their own efficiencies in solving problems and attaining certain levels of performance (Bandura, 1997). The relevance of perceived self-efficacy to the social cognitive theory postulated by Bandura is that self-efficacy judgments have a pervasive role in human affairs.In the scope of both achievements and interpersonal relationships, peoples stances are calculated by how effectively (and wisely) they can make decisions and how efficiently they can act in fulfilling the decisions taken. From the above perspective, it is ostensible that evaluation between an individuals skills and the requirements of the environment is pertinent in determining the courses of action that are viewed as being the determinants of ones personality. strength beliefs are vital in that not only do they act on overt behavior but they also address the internal psychological affairs of individuals.This is an important asp ect of the social cognition theory with respect to the triadic scheme. This is because an individuals personality is judged from acts that are done both overtly and covertly. In view of Banduras (1997) ideas, people with robust perceptions of their efficacy envisage more positive futures, experience less distressing emotions, and are capable of planning for their life programs more effectively. In addition, such people are able to deal with demanding tasks more efficiently than people who have lower opinion of their efficacy. How personal determinants furbish up with individual differences and dispositionsWith reference to Bandura (1999), the basic capacities of the social cognitive theory are dissimilar in three ways from the units of measurement employed in the character-related theories of personality. To bring down with, the capabilities are not single variable differences with reference to personality.For instance, Bandura (1999) accentuated that a single-difference analysis may hinder the realization of other vital capabilities possessed by an individual. such an instance would occur if the ability in an individual is rare and is therefore not detected as an important factor in analysis (Bandura, 1999).As is common with many forms of analysis, there is usually an investigation for a small number of primary units of variation, or for capabilities that are common but possessed to uniformly spicy level by many individuals.The fact that almost everyone possesses a unique capability (for example the ability to use symbols of the ability to be self-reflective and selfconscious) does not necessarily make the capabilities less important in the context of the functioning of personality. These capabilities are still important in spite of the fact that they may not be identified as the primary dimensions of individual dissimilarity.The second difference in the context of the capabilities in the social cognitive theory is related to number tendencies. For insta nce, Banduras (1999) category of cognitive capabilities does not just mention the average tendencies.Rather, Bandura opines that self-reflection and self-regulation contribute to both constancy and variability of actions among individuals. Along this line, it is important to note that peoples goals, choices and cognitive abilities are displayed in the manner in which they act and handle different circumstances that they come across in their lives.This point is of splendour in describing an individuals personality (Bandura, 1999). It implies that dispositional characteristics per se cannot suffice the description of personality as they refer to the average tendencies in behavior and are innocent(p) of reference to particular individuals (Bandura, 1999).In addition, a single individuals social cognitive may not contribute significantly to the distinct patterns of behavior that are not in line with the contemporary descriptive characteristics that are used in the analysis of standard individual difference categories.The third point is that the social cognitive theorys definition of personality and the role personality factors play in contribution to social behavior is significantly different from the dispositional approach. The social cognitive theory does not view dispositional tendencies as personality structures. Instead, the theory realizes personality structures as consisting of cognitive and affective systems, which contribute to the patterns of individuals behavior in a much informal way. These, according to Bandura (1999), are the dispositional tendencies.In this context therefore, dispositions are effects and not causes. Bandura opposed the proponents of personality description based on behavior as being mistaken since the aspects of behavioral description locate the personality structure in the wrong place (Bandura, 1999, p 200).Therefore, the Banduras social cognitive theory views the standard dispositional units of personality description as being i nadequate to fully describe an individual or to explain his or her personality functioning. Strengths and weaknesses of the theoryAs discussed, Banduras theory has many points of strength, notable of which being that it describes the relationship between behavior and the environment. In addition, the theory gives a clear picture of how behaviors are learned and developed.On the other hand, it is limpid that the theory puts too much emphasis on what happens to people rather than what the people do. Along the same line, the theory does not address consistent differences among individuals as they go through different developmental stages. a